Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire

Abdmouleh, Fatma, El Arbi, Mehdi, Hajer, Ben Saad, Jellali, Karim, Etata, Emna, Amara, Ibtissem Ben, Pigeon, Pascal, Hanen, Ben Hassen, Top, Siden, Jaouen, Gérard, Hammami, Riadh, Mamdouh, Ben Ali, et Gupta, Girish Kumar, « Antimicrobial, Antitumor and Side Effects Assessment of a Newly Synthesized Tamoxifen Analog », Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, vol. 20, nᵒ 25, p. 2281-2288, sept. 2020.

Résumé : Background: Tamoxifen citrate is a very prevalent drug marketed under several trade names like Apo-Tamox, Nolvadex, Tamec, Tamizam, and Tamoplex. This molecule is approved by the FDA for breast cancer treatment. Some studies have shown that tamoxifen has anti-tuberculosis and antiparasitic activities. Like any drug, tamoxifen possesses side effects, more or less dangerous. Aims: Basically, this work is a comparative study that aims to: primarily compare the antimicrobial and antitumor activities of tamoxifen and a newly synthesized tamoxifen analog; and to determine the molecule with lesser side effects. Methods: Three groups of mice were injected with tamoxifen citrate and compound 2(1,1-bis[4-(3- dimethylaminopropoxy)phenyl]-2-phenyl-but-1-ene dihydrochloride) at doses corresponding to C1 (1/10), C2 (1/50), and C3 (1/100) to compound 2 lethal dose (LD50 = 75 mg/kg) administered to adult mice. A group of noninjected mice served as a study control. Results: Experimental results suggest that compound 2 has better antitumor and antimicrobial activity than tamoxifen citrate besides its lower toxicity effects. Conclusion: The results obtained from the present study confirmed the antitumor and antimicrobial effect of tamoxifen citrate and its hematological side effects. Compound 2 seems to be more effective than tamoxifen citrate for antitumor and antimicrobial treatment while having less hematological side effects and less disruption of the blood biochemical parameters. These findings encourage us to perform further studies on compound 2 and test it for other therapeutic uses for which tamoxifen was found effective.

Mots-clés : POLE 3.

S. Alves, A. Paris, et E. Rathahao-Paris, « Mass spectrometry-based metabolomics for an in-depth questioning of human health », in Advances in Clinical Chemistry, Elsevier, 2020, p. S0065242320300214.

Mots-clés : CSOB, POLE 3.

N. Audureau, F. Coumes, J. - M. Guigner, T. P. T. Nguyen, C. Ménager, F. Stoffelbach, et J. Rieger, « Thermoresponsive properties of poly(acrylamide-co-acrylonitrile)-based diblock copolymers synthesized (by PISA) in water », Polymer Chemistry, vol. 11, nᵒ 37, p. 5998-6008, sept. 2020.

Résumé : In this present work, we report the synthesis of UCST-thermoresponsive diblock copolymers using reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization in aqueous media. A water-soluble poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) macromolecular chain transfer agent (PDMAc macroRAFT) is used to promote and control the copolymerization of acrylamide and acrylonitrile in water and obtain PDMAc-b-P(AAm-co-AN) diblock copolymers. The fAN,0 and the length of the thermosensitive block (DPn) are systematically varied, in order to study their influence on the thermoresponsiveness of the block copolymers. A good blocking efficiency is generally evidenced by size exclusion chromatography. Remarkably, amphiphilic copolymer nanoparticles are formed in situ for the highest fAN,0. This is indeed the first time that such particles are produced by a polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) process. The morphology of the in situ formed nanoparticles and their behavior with temperature are studied by means of dynamic light scattering (DLS), (cryogenic) transmission electron microscopy ((cryo-)TEM) and turbidimetry. Spherical and worm-like nanoparticles are formed which exhibit unexpected properties, such as an unprecedented heating-induced worm-to-sphere morphological transition in water.

Mots-clés : POLE 4, POLYMERES.

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P. Bayat, D. Lesage, et R. B. Cole, « Tutorial: Ion activation in tandem Mass spectrometry using ultra-high resolition spectroscopy », Mass Spectrometry Reviews, p. mas.21623, févr. 2020.

Mots-clés : CSOB, POLE 3.

L. Bedoin, S. Alves, et J. - F. Lambert, « Origins of Life and Molecular Information: Selectivity in Mineral Surface-Induced Prebiotic Amino Acid Polymerization », ACS Earth and Space Chemistry, p. acsearthspacechem.0c00183, sept. 2020.

Mots-clés : CSOB, POLE 3.

A. Beghennou, K. Passador, A. Passador, V. Corcé, S. Thorimbert, et C. Botuha, « Synthetic Strategy Studies for a Concise Access to Functionalized Pyrano[4,3-b]pyridin-7-ones: An Entry to Semi-Rigid Analogs of Antihistamines », European Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol. 2020, nᵒ 36, p. 5880-5889, sept. 2020.

Résumé : We report short and efficient syntheses of polyfunctionalized 5,8-dihydro-7H-pyrano[4,3-b]pyridin-7-ones and 1,4-dihydro-3H-pyrano[4,3-c]pyridin-3-ones which can be considered as new aza analogs of 3-isochromanones and as promising scaffolds for medicinal chemistry. Depending on the nature of the substituent, three different and complementary synthetic methodologies were used allowing the introduction of significant diversity in the substituent on the lactone ring of the pyranopyridinones. The selective α-arylation of nitrile (SNAr) and tert-butyl ester enolate (Pd catalyzed) followed by an acidic mediated lactonisation gives access to original C8-functionalized pyrano[4,3-b]pyridin-7-ones and a seleno-mediated cyclization to C1-functionalized pyrano[4,3-c]pyridin-3-ones. We have also applied the outlined synthetic methodologies to the preparation of potential semi-rigid analogs of antihistamines.

Mots-clés : Antihistamines, CHEMBIO, Pinner reaction, POLE 3, Pyridopyridinones, Seleno-mediated cyclization, δ-Lactone.

Note

doi: 10.1002/ejoc.202001016

Y. Ben M’Barek, T. Rosser, J. Sum, S. Blanchard, F. Volatron, G. Izzet, R. Salles, J. Fize, M. Koepf, M. Chavarot-Kerlidou, V. Artero, et A. Proust, « Dye-Sensitized Photocathodes: Boosting Photoelectrochemical Performances with Polyoxometalate Electron Transfer Mediators », ACS Applied Energy Materials, vol. 3, nᵒ 1, p. 163-169, janv. 2020.

Mots-clés : E-POM, POLE 2.

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A. Benchohra, C. Méthivier, J. Landoulsi, D. Kreher, et R. Lescouëzec, « Elec

trospray ionization: an efficient approach to deposit polymetallic molecular switches onto gold surfaces », Chemical Communications, vol. 56, nᵒ 48, p. 6587-6589, 2020.

Résumé : Electrospray ionization (EI) deposition is proven efficient in obtaining monolayers of a polymetallic charge transfer complex on gold surfaces. , Electrospray ionization (EI) deposition is proven efficient in obtaining monolayers of a polymetallic charge transfer complex on gold surfaces. The molecule's integrity is monitored by using PM-IRRAS and XPS. This approach broadens the perspective of molecular magnetic switch deposition, which is currently dominated by the thermal evaporation of monometallic spin crossover (SCO) complexes.

Mots-clés : ERMMES, POLE 2.

B. Bertrand, C. Botuha, J. Forté, H. Dossmann, et M. Salmain, « A bis-chelating (O^N^O)/(N^N) ligand for the synthesis of heterobimetallic Pt(II)/Re(I) complexes: tools for the optimization of a new class of Pt(II) anticancer agents. », Chemistry – A European Journal, vol. 26, nᵒ 56, p. 12846-12861, juin 2020.

Résumé : The two independent (O^N^O) and (N^N) coordination sites of a newly synthesized bis 2-(hydroxyphenyl)-1,2,4-triazole platform have been exploited to prepare four monometallic neutral (O^N^O)Pt(II) complexes carrying DMSO, pyridine, triphenylphosphine or N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) as fourth ligand. Then the second (N^N) coordination site was used to introduce an IR-active rhenium tricarbonyl entity, affording the four corresponding heterobimetallic neutral Pt(II)/Re(I) complexes as well as a cationic Pt(II)/Re(I) derivative. X-ray crystallographic studies showed that distortion of the organic platform occurred to accommodate the coordination geometry of both metal centers. No ligand exchange and no transchelation occurred upon incubation of the Pt(II) complexes in aqueous environment or in the presence of Fe(III), respectively. The ligand and the complexes antiproliferative activity was first screened on the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Then the IC 50 of the most active candidates was determined on a wider panel of human cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and A2780) as well as on a non-tumorigenic cell line (MCF-10F). Low micromolar activities were reached for the complexes carrying a DMSO ligand, making them the first examples of highly active though hydrolytically stable Pt(II) complexes. Finally, the characteristic mid-IR signature of the Re(CO) 3 fragment in the Pt/Re heterobimetallic complexes was used to quantify their uptake in breast cancer cells.

Mots-clés : cancer, CHEMBIO, CSOB, heterobimetallic, pincer, platinum, POLE 3, rhenium.

Note

doi: 10.1002/chem.202001752

B. Bertrand, G. Gontard, C. Botuha, et M. Salmain, « Pincer-based heterobimetallic Pt(II)/Ru(II), Pt(II)/Ir(III) and Pt(II)/Cu(I) complexes: synthesis and evaluation antiproliferative properties », European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 2020, nᵒ 35, p. 3370-3377, sept. 2020.

Résumé : Platinum pincer-based complexes [(O^N^O)Pt(L)] (L = DMSO, pyridine, triphenylphosphine or 1,3-dimethylbenzimidazol-2-ylidene) carrying an (N^N) coordination site were used as starting materials to synthesize a series of seven cationic heterobimetallic Pt(II)/Ru(II), Pt(II)/Ir(III) and Pt(II)/Cu(I) presenting a [( p- cymene)RuCl] + , a [(Cp*)IrCl] + (Cp* = ? 5 -pentamethylcyclopentadienyl) and a [(NHC iPr )Cu] + (NHC iPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazole-2-ylidene) moiety respectively. The X-ray structure of one of the bimetallic Pt(II)/Ir(III) complexes showed a distortion of the organic platform to accommodate the coordination geometry of both metal centers as already observed for previous Pt(II)/Re(I) complexes. The antiproliferative activity of the complexes was first screened on the triple negative breast cancer cell line MDA-MB-231. Then the IC 50 of the most active candidates was determined on a wider panel of human cancer cells (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7 and A2780) as well as on a non-tumorigenic cell line (MCF-10A). The most toxic compound, namely the Pt(II)/Cu(I) heterobimetallic complex 4c showed an antiproliferative activity down to the nanomolar level.

Mots-clés : Bioorganometallic chemistry, cancer, CHEMBIO, heterobimetallic complexes, platinum, POLE 3, Synthesis.

Note

doi: 10.1002/ejic.202000717

P. Biais, O. Colombani, L. Bouteiller, F. Stoffelbach, et J. Rieger, « Unravelling the formation of BAB block copolymer assemblies during PISA in water », Polymer Chemistry, vol. 11, nᵒ 28, p. 4568-4578, juill. 2020.

Résumé : The mechanism of formation of associative BAB triblock copolymers through aqueous polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) is investigated for the first time, on copolymers constituted of a hydrophilic poly(N,N-dimethylacrylamide) block (PDMAc = block A) and a hydrophobic poly(diacetone acrylamide) block (PDAAm = block B). Such BAB copolymers tend to form bridged micelles/networks, which was expected to make the PISA process much more complex than for conventional diblock copolymers. Kinetic monitoring, light scattering analyses and macroscopic observations allowed identifying crucial parameters that influence the polymerization and the final dispersion properties, notably the stirring of the polymerization medium, the macroRAFT agent concentration, its ionization degree (related to the pH) and its Z group alkyl chain length.

Mots-clés : POLE 4, POLYMERES.

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G. Bouhalleb, A. Meddeb, N. F. Bourguiba, J. Legros, G. Poli, et F. Rezgui, « First Zinc Bromide Promoted Annulative Domino Reactions between Enamines and Cyclic Morita–Baylis–Hillman Alcohols: Synthesis of N,O-Ketals », Synlett, vol. 31, nᵒ 13, p. 1282-1286, août 2020.

Résumé : A new efficient ZnBr2-mediated annulative domino reaction between enamines and cyclic Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) alcohols is disclosed. The process involves a tandem sequence (intermolecular conjugate addition of enamines to MBH alcohols and intramolecular nucleophilic addition of the hydroxyl moiety to the transiently generated iminium ion), affording the corresponding N,O-ketals diastereoselectively in good yields.

Mots-clés : conjugate addition, domino reactions, enamines, ketals, Key words MBH alcohol, N,O, POLE 1, ROCS, zinc bromide.

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A. Cartier, E. Levernier, A. - L. Dhimane, T. Fukuyama, C. Ollivier, I. Ryu, et L. Fensterbank, « Synthesis of Aliphatic Amides through a Photoredox Catalyzed Radical Carbonylation Involving Organosilicates as Alkyl Radical Precursors », Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis, vol. 362, nᵒ 11, p. 2254-2259, 2020.

Résumé : Alkyl radicals, from primary to tertiary, formed by photocatalyzed oxidation of organosilicates, are involved efficiently in radical carbonylation with carbon monoxide (CO), in the presence of various amines and CCl4, leading to a variety of amides in moderate to good yields.

Mots-clés : Carbonylation, MACO, multi-component reaction, photooxidative catalysis, POLE 1, radical/polar, silicates.

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M. S. Centellas, M. Piot, R. Salles, A. Proust, L. Tortech, D. Brouri, S. Hupin, B. Abécassis, D. Landy, C. Bo, et G. Izzet, « Exploring the self-assembly of dumbbell-shaped polyoxometalate hybrids, from molecular building units to nanostructured soft materials », Chemical Science, vol. 11, nᵒ 40, p. 11072-11080, oct. 2020.

Résumé : The formation of hierarchical nanostructures using preformed dumbbell-like species made of covalent organic–inorganic polyoxometalate (POM)-based hybrids is herein described. In this system, the presence of charged subunits (POM, metal linkers, and counter ions) in the complex molecular architecture can drive their aggregation, which results from a competition between the solvation energy of the discrete species and intermolecular electrostatic interactions. We show that the nature of the POM and the charge of the metal linker are key parameters for the hierarchical nanoorganization. The experimental findings were corroborated with a computational investigation combining DFT and molecular dynamics simulation methods, which outlines the importance of solvation of the counter ion and POM/counter ion association in the aggregation process. The dumbbell-like species can also form gels, in the presence of a poorer solvent, displaying similar nanoorganization of the aggregates. We show that starting from the designed molecular building units whose internal charges can be controlled by redox trigger we can achieve their implementation into soft nanostructured materials through the control of their supramolecular organization.

Mots-clés : E-POM, POLE 2.

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R. B. Cole, P. Bayat, J. S. Murray, C. Albers, et D. Brombach, « “Conformation pinning” by anion attachment enabling separation of isomeric steroid monomers by ion mobility spectrometry », Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol. 55, nᵒ 12, déc. 2020.

Mots-clés : CSOB, POLE 3.

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F. Coumes, M. Balarezo, J. Rieger, et F. Stoffelbach, « Biobased Amphiphilic Block Copolymers by RAFT-Mediated PISA in Green Solvent », Macromolecular Rapid Communications, vol. 41, nᵒ 9, p. 2000002, 2020.

Résumé : Biobased amphiphilic diblock copolymers are prepared thanks to the combination of reversible addition–fragmentation transfer (RAFT) polymerization and polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) in an eco-friendly solvent mixture. First, the formation of a poly(acrylic acid) macroRAFT agent (PAA-TTC) is performed in water at 70 °C. Then, in a series of experiments, the PAA-TTC macroRAFT agent is used directly, without purification, as both chain transfer agent and stabilizing agent in the RAFT-PISA of menthyl acrylate (MnA) in dispersion in an ethanol/water mixture. The polymerizations of MnA are fast with high final conversions and well-controlled amphiphilic diblock copolymers are synthesized. Stable, sub-micrometric spherical particles composed of the diblock copolymers are formed. The influence of the monomer concentration and the length of the solvophobic block on the diameter of the self-assemblies is studied by means of dynamic light scattering and cryogenic transmission electron-microscopy.

Mots-clés : amphiphilic copolymers, biobased monomers, dispersion polymerization, PISA, POLE 4, POLYMERES, RAFT.

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L. Cunningham, Y. Wang, C. Nottingham, J. Pagsulingan, G. Jaouen, M. McGlinchey, et P. J. Guiry, « Enantioselective Synthesis of Planar Chiral Ferrocifens that Show Chiral Discrimination in Antiproliferative Activity on Breast Cancer Cells », ChemBioChem, vol. 21, nᵒ 20, p. 2974-2981, 2020.

Résumé : The design and first enantioselective synthesis of a series of chiral ferrocifens and ferrociphenols was realised via enantioselective palladium-catalysed intramolecular direct C?H bond activation followed by McMurry coupling. Biological evaluation revealed moderate anticancer activities on breast cancer cells and evidence of chiral discrimination between enantiomers. Treatment of these novel ferrocifens with Ag 2 O revealed that these systems are unable to form a neutral quinone methide, yet still demonstrate marked antiproliferative properties versus both the hormone-dependent MCF-7 and hormone-independent MDA-MB-231 cell lines. This bioactivity arises from two mechanisms: Fenton-type chemistry and the anti-estrogenic activity associated with the tamoxifen-like structure.

Mots-clés : anti-cancer activity, asymmetric synthesis, CHEMBIO, Ferrocene, McMurry coupling, POLE 3.

Note

doi: 10.1002/cbic.202000311

F. D'Agosto, J. Rieger, et M. Lansalot, « RAFT-Mediated Polymerization-Induced Self-Assembly », Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol. 59, nᵒ 22, p. 8368-8392, 2020.

Résumé : After a brief history that positions polymerization-induced self-assembly (PISA) in the field of polymer chemistry, this Review will cover the fundamentals of the PISA mechanism. Furthermore, this Review will also give an overview of some of the features and limitations of RAFT-mediated PISA in terms of the choice of the components involved, the nature of the nanoobjects that can be obtained and how the syntheses can be controlled, as well as some potential applications.

Mots-clés : block copolymers, heterogeneous polymerization, morphology, PISA, POLE 4, POLYMERES, RAFT.

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A. Delvaux, E. Rathahao‐Paris, et S. Alves, « An emerging powerful technique for distinguishing isomers: Trapped Ion Mobility Spectrometry ‐ Time‐of‐Flight Mass Spectrometry for a rapid characterization of estrogen isomers », Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, août 2020.

Mots-clés : CSOB, POLE 3.

S. Dhifaoui, M. Hajji, T. Guerfel, V. Marvaud, J. - C. Daran, I. Turowska-Tyrk, R. Bel-Hadj-Tahar, et H. Nasri, « Experimental and computational studies on the structure and properties of a novel low-spin iron(III) macrocyclic complex », Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, vol. 702, nᵒ 1, p. 92-109, mai 2020.

Mots-clés : E-POM, POLE 2.

B. Doistau, L. Benda, J. - L. Cantin, O. Cador, F. Pointillart, W. Wernsdorfer, L. - M. Chamoreau, V. Marvaud, B. Hasenknopf, et G. Vives, « Dual switchable molecular tweezers incorporating anisotropic MnIII–salphen complexes », Dalton Transactions, vol. 49, nᵒ 26, p. 8872-8882, juill. 2020.

Résumé : An alternative strategy for the synthesis of terpyridine based switchable molecular tweezers has been developed to incorporate anisotropic Mn(III)–salphen complexes. The free ligand was synthesized using a building block strategy based on Sonogashira coupling reactions and was then selectively metalated with manganese in a last step. The conformation of the tweezers was switched from an open ‘W’ shaped form to a closed ‘U’ form by Zn(II) coordination to the terpyridine unit bringing the two Mn–salphen moieties in close spatial proximity as confirmed by X-ray crystallography. An alternate switching mechanism was observed by the intercalation of a bridging cyanide ligand between the two Mn–salphen moieties that resulted in the closing of the tweezers. These dual stimuli are attractive for achieving multiple controls of the mechanical motion of the tweezers. A crystallographic structure of unexpected partially oxidized closed tweezers was also obtained. One of the two Mn–salphen moieties underwent a ligand-centered oxidation of an imino to an amido group allowing an intramolecular Mn–Oamide–Mn linkage. The magnetic properties of the manganese(III) dimers were investigated to evaluate the magnetic exchange interaction and analyze the single molecule magnet behavior.

Mots-clés : E-POM, GOBS, POLE 2, POLE 3.

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H. Dossmann, D. Gatineau, H. Clavier, A. Memboeuf, D. Lesage, et Y. Gimbert, « Exploring Phosphine Electronic Effects on Molybdenum Complexes: A Combined Photoelectron Spectroscopy and Energy Decomposition Analysis Study », The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, p. acs.jpca.0c06746, oct. 2020.

Mots-clés : CSOB, POLE 3.

H. Du, F. A. de Oliveira, L. J. C. Albuquerque, G. Tresset, E. Pavlova, C. Huin, P. Guégan, et F. C. Giacomelli, « Polyglycidol-Stabilized Nanoparticles as a Promising Alternative to Nanoparticle PEGylation: Polymer Synthesis and Protein Fouling Considerations », Langmuir, vol. 36, nᵒ 5, p. 1266-1278, févr. 2020.

Résumé : We herein demonstrate the outstanding protein-repelling characteristic of star-like micelles and polymersomes manufactured from amphiphilic block copolymers made by poly(butylene oxide) (PBO) hydrophobic segments and polyglycidol (PGL) hydrophilic outer shells. Although positively charged proteins (herein modeled by lysozyme) may adsorb onto the surface of micelles and polymersomes where the assemblies are stabilized by short PGL chains (degree of polymerization smaller than 15), the protein adsorption vanishes when the degree of polymerization of the hydrophilic segment (PGL) is higher than ∼20, regardless the morphology. This has been probed by using three different model proteins which are remarkably different concerning molecular weight, size, and zeta potential (bovine serum albumin (BSA), lysozyme, and immunoglobulin G (IgG)). Indeed, the adsorption of the most abundant plasma protein (herein modeled as BSA) is circumvented even by using very short PGL shells due to the highly negative zeta potential of the produced assemblies which presumably promote protein–nanoparticle electrostatic repulsion. The negative zeta potential, on the other hand, enables lysozyme adsorption, and the phenomenon is governed by electrostatic forces as evidenced by isothermal titration calorimetry. Nevertheless, the protein coating can be circumvented by slightly increasing the degree of polymerization of the hydrophilic segment. Notably, the PGL length required to circumvent protein fouling is significantly smaller than the one required for PEO. This feature and the safety concerns regarding the synthetic procedures on the preparation of poly(ethylene oxide)-based amphiphilic copolymers might make polyglycidol a promising alternative toward the production of nonfouling spherical particles.

Mots-clés : POLE 4, POLYMERES.

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L. El Khoury, F. Célerse, L. Lagardère, L. - H. Jolly, E. Derat, Z. Hobaika, R. G. Maroun, P. Ren, S. Bouaziz, N. Gresh, et J. - P. Piquemal, « Reconciling NMR Structures of the HIV-1 Nucleocapsid Protein NCp7 Using Extensive Polarizable Force Field Free-Energy Simulations », Journal of Chemical Theory and Computation, vol. 16, nᵒ 4, p. 2013-2020, avr. 2020.

Résumé : Using polarizable (AMOEBA) and nonpolarizable (CHARMM) force fields, we compare the relative free energy stability of two extreme conformations of the HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein NCp7 that had been previously experimentally advocated to prevail in solution. Using accelerated sampling techniques, we show that they differ in stability by no more than 0.75–1.9 kcal/mol depending on the reference protein sequence. While the extended form appears to be the most probable structure, both forms should thus coexist in water explaining the differing NMR findings.

Mots-clés : MACO, POLE 1.

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R. El-Hnayn, L. Canabady-Rochelle, C. Desmarets, L. Balan, H. Rinnert, O. Joubert, G. Medjahdi, H. Ben Ouada, et R. Schneider, « One-Step Synthesis of Diamine-Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots from Graphene Oxide and Their Chelating and Antioxidant Activities », Nanomaterials, vol. 10, nᵒ 1, p. 104, janv. 2020.

Résumé : 2,2’-(Ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine)-functionalized graphene quantum dots (GQDs) were prepared under mild conditions from graphene oxide (GO) via oxidative fragmentation. The as-prepared GQDs have an average diameter of ca. 4 nm, possess good colloidal stability, and emit strong green-yellow light with a photoluminescence (PL) quantum yield of 22% upon excitation at 375 nm. We also demonstrated that the GQDs exhibit high photostability and the PL intensity is poorly affected while tuning the pH from 1 to 8. Finally, GQDs can be used to chelate Fe(II) and Cu(II) cations, scavenge radicals, and reduce Fe(III) into Fe(II). These chelating and reducing properties that associate to the low cytotoxicity of GQDs show that these nanoparticles are of high interest as antioxidants for health applications.

Mots-clés : 2, 2’-(ethylenedioxy)bis(ethylamine), ARC, graphene quantum dots, optical properties, POLE 1, redox-active nanoparticles.

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G. Falco, L. Simonin, S. Pensec, F. Dalmas, J. - M. Chenal, L. Bouteiller, et L. Chazeau, « Linear and nonlinear viscoelastic properties of segmented silicone-urea copolymers: Influence of the hard segment structure », Polymer, vol. 186, p. 122041, janv. 2020.

Résumé : The linear and non-linear viscoelastic behaviors of 5 segmented silicone copolymers - with low fraction of 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI), 4,4′-methylenebis (cyclohexyl isocyanate) (HMDI), 1,3-bis(1-isocyanato-1-methylethyl)benzene (TMXDI), 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate (TDI) or isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) as hard segments (HS) - are compared, in relation with their microstructure. When the HS are non-symmetrical, the materials nanostructuration is weak and has a limited impact on the mechanical response: two mechanical relaxations occur after the α relaxation of the polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), the first related to the “unfreezing” of the HS-HS bonds, and the second one to the sticky reptation of the polymer chains. Conversely, when the HS are symmetrical, their self-organization is favored and the long range ordering of the HS is possible. The materials are then semi-crystalline like, with a low crystallinity (due to the low weight percentage of HS) and their flow, possible above their melting temperature (Tm), depends also on the HS dynamics, which is the most rapid for HDI.

Mots-clés : Mechanical relaxations, Nanostructure, POLE 4, POLYMERES, Segmented copolymers.

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F. Foschi, C. Loro, R. Sala, J. Oble, L. Lo Presti, E. M. Beccalli, G. Poli, et G. Broggini, « Intramolecular Aminoazidation of Unactivated Terminal Alkenes by Palladium-Catalyzed Reactions with Hydrogen Peroxide as the Oxidant », Organic Letters, vol. 22, nᵒ 4, p. 1402-1406, févr. 2020.

Résumé : The palladium-catalyzed aminoazidation of aminoalkenes yielding azidomethyl-substituted nitrogen-containing heterocycles was developed. The procedure requires oxidative conditions and occurs at room temperature in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and NaN3 as the azide source. These conditions provide selective exo-cyclization/azidation of the carbon–carbon double bond, furnishing a versatile approach toward five-, six-, and seven-membered heterocyclic rings.

Mots-clés : POLE 1, ROCS.

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A. Generosi, M. Guaragno, Q. Zhu, A. Proust, N. T. Barrett, L. Tortech, et B. Paci, « In-Situ Energy Dispersive X-ray Reflectivity Applied to Polyoxometalate Films: An Approach to Morphology and Interface Stability Issues in Organic Photovoltaics », Symmetry, vol. 12, nᵒ 8, p. 1240, févr. 2020.

Résumé : Organic solar cells, characterized by a symmetrical regular layered structure, are very promising systems for developing green, low cost, and flexible solar energy conversion devices. Despite the efficiencies being appealing (over 17%), the technological transfer is still limited by the low durability. Several processes, in bulk and at interface, are responsible. The quick downgrading of the performance is due to a combination of physical and chemical degradations. These phenomena induce instability and a drop of performance in working conditions. Close monitoring of these processes is mandatory to understand the degradation pathways upon device operation. Here, an unconventional approach based on Energy Dispersive X-ray Reflectivity (ED-XRR) performed in-situ is used to address the role of Wells–Dawson polyoxometalate (K6-P2W18O62, hereafter K6-P2W18) as hole transporting layer in organic photovoltaics. The results demonstrate that K6-P2W18 thin films, showing ideal bulk and interface properties and superior optical/morphological stability upon prolonged illumination, are attractive candidates for the interface of durable OPV devices.

Mots-clés : E-POM, in-situ X-ray characterization, organic photovoltaics, POLE 2, polyoxymetalate functional materials, thin films structure and morphology, time resolved EDXR.

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F. Giusti, M. Casiraghi, E. Point, M. Damian, J. Rieger, C. L. Bon, A. Pozza, K. Moncoq, J. - L. Banères, et L. J. Catoire, « Structure of the agonist 12–HHT in its BLT2 receptor-bound state », Scientific Reports, vol. 10, nᵒ 1, p. 2630, févr. 2020.

Résumé : G Protein-Coupled receptors represent the main communicating pathway for signals from the outside to the inside of most of eukaryotic cells. They define the largest family of integral membrane receptors at the surface of the cells and constitute the main target of the current drugs on the market. The low affinity leukotriene receptor BLT2 is a receptor involved in pro- and anti-inflammatory pathways and can be activated by various unsaturated fatty acid compounds. We present here the NMR structure of the agonist 12–HHT in its BLT2-bound state and a model of interaction of the ligand with the receptor based on a conformational homology modeling associated with docking simulations. Put into perspective with the data obtained with leukotriene B4, our results illuminate the ligand selectivity of BLT2 and may help define new molecules to modulate the activity of this receptor.

Mots-clés : POLE 4, POLYMERES.

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J. Glatz, L. - M. Chamoreau, A. Flambard, J. - F. Meunier, A. Bousseksou, et R. Lescouëzec, « Thermo- and electro-switchable Cs⊂{Fe 4 –Fe 4 } cubic cage: spin-transition and electrochromism », Chemical Communications, vol. 56, nᵒ 74, p. 10950-10953, 2020.

Résumé : The Cs⊂{Fe 4 –Fe 4 } cube is a dual redox and magnetic switch showing remarkable electrochromic properties and spin-transition in its neutral state. ,

A mixed valence Cs⊂{Fe 4 –Fe 4 } cyanido-cube was synthesized and structurally characterized. The molecule, which is robust in solution, shows remarkable electronic versatility. Electrochromic properties associated with nine different electronic states are observed in solution together with a thermo-induced spin-transition in the solid state.

Mots-clés : ERMMES, POLE 2.

Y. T. L. Guen, T. L. Gall, P. Midoux, P. Guégan, S. Braun, et T. Montier, « Gene transfer to skeletal muscle using hydrodynamic limb vein injection: current applications, hurdles and possible optimizations », The Journal of Gene Medicine, vol. 22, nᵒ 2, p. e3150, 2020.

Résumé : Hydrodynamic limb vein injection is an in vivo locoregional gene delivery method. It consists of administrating a large volume of solution containing nucleic acid constructs in a limb with both blood inflow and outflow temporarily blocked using a tourniquet. The fast, high pressure delivery allows the musculature of the whole limb to be reached. The skeletal muscle is a tissue of choice for a variety of gene transfer applications, including gene therapy for Duchenne muscular dystrophy or other myopathies, as well as for the production of antibodies or other proteins with broad therapeutic effects. Hydrodynamic limb vein delivery has been evaluated with success in a large range of animal models. It has also proven to be safe and well-tolerated in muscular dystrophy patients, thus supporting its translation to the clinic. However, some possible limitations may occur at different steps of the delivery process. Here, we have highlighted the interests, bottlenecks and potential improvements that could further optimize non-viral gene transfer following hydrodynamic limb vein injection.

Mots-clés : gene transfer, hydrodynamic delivery, locoregional, non-viral gene delivery, optimizations, POLE 4, POLYMERES, skeletal muscle.

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e3150 JGM-19-0364.R1

H. Guo, D. Hourdet, A. Marcellan, F. Stoffelbach, J. Lyskawa, L. de Smet, A. Vebr, R. Hoogenboom, et P. Woisel, « Dual Responsive Regulation of Host–Guest Complexation in Aqueous Media to Control Partial Release of the Host », Chemistry – A European Journal, vol. 26, nᵒ 6, p. 1292-1297, janv. 2020.

Résumé : Abstract The regulation of the concentration of a wide range of small molecules is ubiquitous in biological systems because it enables them to adapt to the continuous changes in the environmental conditions. Herein, we report an aqueous synthetic system that provides an orchestrated, temperature and pH controlled regulation of the complexation between the cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) host (BBox) and a 1,5-dialkyloxynaphthalene (DNP) guest attached to a well-defined dual responsive copolymer composed of N-isopropylacrylamide as thermoresponsive monomer and acrylic acid as pH-responsive monomer. Controlled, partial release of the BBox, enabling control over its concentration, is based on the tunable partial collapse of the copolymer. This colored supramolecular assembly is one of the first synthetic systems providing control over the concentration of a small molecule, providing great potential as both T and pH chromic materials and as a basis to develop more complex systems with molecular communication.

Mots-clés : host–guest systems, molecular recognition, POLE 4, POLYMERES, polymers, supramolecular chemistry.

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W. Hamouda, A. Pancotti, C. Lubin, L. Tortech, C. Richter, T. Mikolajick, U. Schroeder, et N. Barrett, « Physical chemistry of the TiN/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 interface », Journal of Applied Physics, vol. 127, nᵒ 6, p. 064105, févr. 2020.

Résumé : Ferroelectric hafnia-based thin films are promising candidates for emerging high-density embedded nonvolatile memory technologies, thanks to their compatibility with silicon technology and the possibility of 3D integration. The electrode–ferroelectric interface and the crystallization annealing temperature may play an important role in such memory cells. The top interface in a TiN/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/TiNTiN/Hf0.5Zr0.5O2/TiN<math display="inline" overflow="scroll" altimg="eq-00001.gif"> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">TiN</mi></mrow> <mo>/</mo> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Hf</mi></mrow> <mrow> <mn>0.5</mn></mrow></msub> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">Zr</mi></mrow> <mrow> <mn>0.5</mn></mrow></msub> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow> <mn>2</mn></msub> <mo>/</mo> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">TiN</mi></mrow></math> metal–ferroelectric–metal stack annealed at different temperatures was investigated with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The uniformity and continuity of the 2 nm TiN top electrode was verified by photoemission electron microscopy and conductive atomic force microscopy. Partial oxidation of the electrode at the interface is identified. Hf is reduced near the top interface due to oxygen scavenging by the top electrode. The oxygen vacancy (VOVO<math display="inline" overflow="scroll" altimg="eq-00002.gif"> <msub> <mi>V</mi> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow></msub></math>) profile showed a maximum at the top interface (0.71%) and a sharp decrease into the film, giving rise to an internal field. Annealing at higher temperatures did not affect the VOVO<math display="inline" overflow="scroll" altimg="eq-00003.gif"> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi></mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow></mrow></msub></math> concentration at the top interface but causes the generation of additional VOVO<math display="inline" overflow="scroll" altimg="eq-00004.gif"> <msub> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi></mrow> <mrow> <mrow> <mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow></mrow></msub></math> in the film, leading to a decrease of the Schottky Barrier Height for electrons. The interface chemistry and n-type film doping are believed to be at the origin of several phenomena, including wake-up, imprint, and fatigue. Our results give insights into the physical chemistry of the top interface with the accumulation of defective charges acting as electronic traps, causing a local imprint effect. This may explain the wake-up behavior as well and also can be a possible reason of the weaker endurance observed in these systems when increasing the annealing temperature.

Mots-clés : E-POM, POLE 2.

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S. Han, G. Mellot, S. Pensec, J. Rieger, F. Stoffelbach, E. Nicol, O. Colombani, J. Jestin, et L. Bouteiller, « Crucial Role of the Spacer in Tuning the Length of Self-Assembled Nanorods », Macromolecules, vol. 53, nᵒ 1, p. 427-433, janv. 2020.

Résumé : Polymeric supramolecular nanorods were prepared in toluene by self-assembly of tris(urea) stickers connected on both sides through alkyl spacers of different lengths to short polystyrene (PS) arms. Several tris(urea) initiators or chain transfer agents were synthesized straightforwardly and used to grow well-defined PS arms via atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) or reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. Self-assembly was investigated by means of Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and light/neutron scattering. A dramatic impact of the spacer separating the tris(urea) sticker from the PS arms on the extent of self-assembly was observed in toluene as long as the degree of polymerization of the PS arms (x) was kept short (x ∼ 10). Indeed, supramolecular nanorods several hundreds of nanometers in length for a few nanometers in radius were obtained with a spacer consisting of nine atoms, whereas five times shorter nanorods were obtained for a spacer of only five atoms, and spherical particles were found in the absence of any spacer, all other parameters remaining unchanged. These results reveal the possibility to tune the length of polymer-decorated supramolecular nanorods with minimal modification of the assembling sticker and without affecting the functionality of the rods.

Mots-clés : POLE 4, POLYMERES.

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